How Do Epidurals Work?

June 24, 2025

How Do Epidurals Work?

Used in an estimated 75% of births in the U.S., epidurals are one of the most common methods of pain relief during labor and delivery. Despite how routine they’ve become, many people don’t fully understand how they work or what to expect if they choose to get one. Whether you’re planning for childbirth or just curious, understanding the basics of an epidural can help you make an informed decision when it’s time to deliver your baby.

What does an epidural do?

Epidurals are used to numb the area from your bellybutton to your upper legs. This helps to eliminate labor or delivery pain. This is done through a mix of anesthetic and an opioid, such as hydromorphone or fentanyl. It typically takes around 15 minutes for the medication to kick in. While epidurals do help numb the pain, you will still feel pressure, which helps determine when you need to start pushing.

How is an epidural administered?

Epidurals for labor pain are commonly administered in two different ways; single injection epidurals or catheter epidurals.

Single injection epidurals are administered with a syringe in your epidural space of your lower back. This is the most standard form of epidural injections. The effects of the anesthesia last for a few hours before beginning to wear off.

A catheter epidural is when a small tube is inserted into your epidural space. This allows multiple doses of medication over a longer period of time. The effects of the anesthesia last longer with a catheter because of the consistent doses.

Is an epidural painful?

Your anesthesiologist will numb the area before administering the epidural. This is done through an injection in your lower back. The numbing injection may pinch, but you most likely won’t feel any pain for the epidural. You may the feel slight pressure of the needle being inserted into your epidural space.

When can I get an epidural during labor?

When you get an epidural is up to you and your healthcare professional. There is no specific timeframe in which you can receive one during the labor process.

What are the risks and possible side effects?

While very rare, there are some possible risks to having an epidural, such as:

Infection
Blood clots
Nerve damage
Spinal headaches
Blood pressure complications
Itchy skin

If you experience any of these complications after receiving an epidural, be sure to notify your healthcare provider immediately to get the appropriate treatment.

How We Can Help

If you are seeking more information and safe space to ask questions, we are here to help you. We offer pregnancy testing, ultrasounds, education, and options consultations at no cost to you. To schedule an appointment, click here or call us at (530) 272-6800.